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        <h1 class="title">2.4 熔断器</h1>
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                <time datetime="2017-07-03T08:23:00.000Z" itemprop="datePublished" class="page-time">
  2017-07-03
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            <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#2-4-熔断器"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">2.4 熔断器</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#雪崩效应"><span class="post-toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">雪崩效应</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#熔断器（CircuitBreaker）"><span class="post-toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">熔断器（CircuitBreaker）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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        <h1 class="post-card-title">2.4 熔断器</h1>
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            <time class="post-time" title="2017年07月03日 16:23" datetime="2017-07-03T08:23:00.000Z"  itemprop="datePublished">2017-07-03</time>

            
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            <h1 id="2-4-熔断器"><a href="#2-4-熔断器" class="headerlink" title="2.4 熔断器"></a>2.4 熔断器</h1><h2 id="雪崩效应"><a href="#雪崩效应" class="headerlink" title="雪崩效应"></a>雪崩效应</h2><p>在微服务架构中通常会有多个服务层调用，基础服务的故障可能会导致级联故障，进而造成整个系统不可用的情况，这种现象被称为服务雪崩效应。服务雪崩效应是一种因“服务提供者”的不可用导致“服务消费者”的不可用,并将不可用逐渐放大的过程。</p>
<p>如果下图所示：A作为服务提供者，B为A的服务消费者，C和D是B的服务消费者。A不可用引起了B的不可用，并将不可用像滚雪球一样放大到C和D时，雪崩效应就形成了。</p>
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                    <img src="images/hystrix-1.png" alt="雪崩效应" title="">
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<h2 id="熔断器（CircuitBreaker）"><a href="#熔断器（CircuitBreaker）" class="headerlink" title="熔断器（CircuitBreaker）"></a>熔断器（CircuitBreaker）</h2><p>熔断器的原理很简单，如同电力过载保护器。它可以实现快速失败，如果它在一段时间内侦测到许多类似的错误，会强迫其以后的多个调用快速失败，不再访问远程服务器，从而防止应用程序不断地尝试执行可能会失败的操作，使得应用程序继续执行而不用等待修正错误，或者浪费CPU时间去等到长时间的超时产生。熔断器也可以使应用程序能够诊断错误是否已经修正，如果已经修正，应用程序会再次尝试调用操作。</p>
<p>熔断器模式就像是那些容易导致错误的操作的一种代理。这种代理能够记录最近调用发生错误的次数，然后决定使用允许操作继续，或者立即返回错误。</p>
<p>熔断器开关相互转换的逻辑如下图：</p>
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